NS 1011: Introduction to Biology: Cells and Organisms

Test Review 1

February 15, 2008

You may bring one sheet of paper (8 1/2 x 11) with notes (one side only) to the test. No magnifiers allowed! If you attempt to include all the information from two chapters on one sheet, you will spend more time looking for information than you do working on the test. You must make up your own note page. DO NOT photocopy material directly from the book or print out web pages. In addition, you may bring an outline for the essay (see below) if you have chosen not to write it ahead.

Format:

The test will have 4 parts:

Multiple choice: this should be self-explanatory. 2 points each. About 10 questions.
Short answer: a sentence or two, may include some defining of terms. 3-7 points each. About 10 questions.
Longer questions: several sentences or a short paragraph, may include drawing and/or labeling of structures. 7-10 points. Three or four questions.
Essay. 20 points. One question. May be done as a take-home question.

Vocabulary and Concepts:

inductive reasoning, induction

deductive reasoning, deduction

scientific process

observation
hypothesis, alternative hypotheses
predictions
testing, experiment
control
variable
conclusion

theory

*independent variable

*dependent variable

*testable

*reproducible

*explanatory

*predictive

*tentative

kingdom

properties of life:

cellular organization
metabolism
homeostasis
reproduction
heredity

biological themes:

evolution
flow of energy
cooperation
structure determines function
homeostasis

cell theory

gene theory

genome

theory of heredity

theory of evolution

*Indicates words not in book.

Used in class or in lab.

matter

atom

proton
neutron
electron

atomic number

atomic mass

energy

electron shell

orbital

ion

molecule

chemical bond

ionic bond
covalent bond

hydrogen bond

partial charge

polar molecule

cohesion

adhesion

capilary action

soluble

solvent

organic molecule

macromolecule

functional group

hydroxyl
carboxyl
amino
phosphate

polymer

dehydration synthesis

hydrolysis

protein

amino acid

"R" group

peptide bond

polypeptide

primary structure

secondary structure

tertiary structure

quaternary structure

enzyme

catalyst

nucleic acid

DNA

RNA

nucleotide

sugar
ribose
deoxyribose
phosphate
nitrogenous base

adenine (A)

guanine (G)

cytosine (C)

thymine (T)

uracil (U)

base pair

double helix

carbohydrate

simple carbohydrate

complex carbohydrate

monosaccharide

glucose
fructose

disaccharide

sucrose
lactose

polysaccharide

starch
glycogen
cellulose
chitin

lipid

fatty acid

triglyceride

saturated

unsaturated

phospholipid

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

steroid

cholesterol

You should be able to:

List and explain the properties of life.
Discuss the scientific process.
Determine whether a claim is scientifically valid or not.
Discuss the limitations of science.
Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning.
Describe or draw the structure of an atom.
Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds.
Explain the properties of water and why each is important for life.
Describe or draw a diagram to demonstrate hydrogen bonds.
Recognize major functional groups found in biological molecules.
Categorize biological substances according to macromolecular type (carbohydrate, protein, etc.)
Identify the subunit for each type of macromolecule.
Explain the functions of the different macromolecules.

Take-home Essay:

20 points
Each of the following properties of water is unusual for a molecule of its size and mass (weight). Why does water have these properties? How is each of these properties important for life?

a. Water is a liquid at room temperature.

b. Water is less dense (it expands) when it freezes.

c. Water is a good solvent.